Divorce in Texas

Residency Requirements and Grounds for Divorce

Residency Requirements and Grounds for Divorce

You must be a resident of Texas for six months and a county resident for 90 days to file for a divorce.

Either spouse can get a divorce simply by stating in divorce papers that the marriage has become "insupportable" due to conflict between the parties and that there is no reasonable expectation of reconciliation. If both spouses are in agreement that there should be a divorce, they can agree in writing (called a "stipulation") that the marriage can be ended.

The legal divorce process begins when one of the spouses files a "Original Petition for Divorce" with the Family Law District Court. The other spouse is then served with the paperwork and given time to respond. If the parties are in agreement about property and debt division, as well as child custody and child support matters, the divorce can be finalized without a trial. If the parties can't come to an agreement, the court will set a time for a hearing, usually some time in the future.

After the Original Petition for Divorce has been filed, either party can request temporary assistance from the court in the form of temporary custody and child support orders, and orders to determine who pays community debts on a temporary basis.

Dividing the Property

Texas is a "community property" state, which means that assets and debts acquired during your marriage will be divided approximately equally when you divorce.

But not all property is considered "community property":

For example, any assets you had before you married will be considered "separate property" if you kept that property separated from property acquired during the marriage
The income produced by a separate property investment is also separate property, as long as it hasn't been "commingled" - mixed together with community money
Property you inherit from your family during your marriage will generally be considered your own separate property if it was willed exclusively to you and you did not commingle it with community assets during the marriage

It's important to collect all the information you can about all your property, including when you purchased it, approximately how much it is worth, and details such as account numbers, serial numbers and so forth. Collecting this information before you see a Texas divorce lawyer can save you a lot of time and money.

Alimony

A court can order alimony called "spousal support" in Texas. A court will generally consider such factors as:

The duration of the marriage
The needs of each party
The financial resources and liabilities of each party
The responsibility of either spouse for children
All sources of income available to either party

A court can order temporary spousal support while the divorce is pending. If you have been married more than 10 years, you may be able to received spousal support for up to three years after the divorce is finalized.

Child Custody and Visitation

In Texas, the court will make child custody decisions based on what is in the "best interest" of the child if the parents can't come to an agreement. Courts will presume that joint legal custody- called "conservatorship" is best, unless you can prove otherwise. In deciding which parent should have primary physical custody, the court will consider:

The history of contact between the parents and the child
The health, safety and welfare of the child
The mental and physical health of the parents, and how close they live to each other
The preference of a child age 12 or older
Evidence of child abuse

Texas laws encourage the parents to work out custody arrangements themselves instead of bringing the matter to court.

After the custody order is signed by the judge and filed with the court clerk, both parents are bound by it. If a parent is denied court-ordered access to a child, he or she may bring the issue back before the court. The judge may decide to modify the visitation order and order makeup visitation for the time missed.

Child Support

In Texas, child support is based on the paying parent's net income and other resources, as follows:

20% of net resources for one child
25% of net resources for two children
30% of net resources for three children
35% of net resources for four children
40% of net resources for five children

A Texas child support order can be modified if there has been a change in circumstances, such as a big increase or decrease in the paying parent's income or the child reaching the legal age of majority

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